شرح ساينس الصف السادس الابتدائي لغات - الفصل الدراسي الأول
شرح ساينس سادسة ابتدائي - ترم أول

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In This Lesson:
Types of muscles
Involuntary muscles
They are muscles that move automatically, and you cannot control their movement.
Examples:
• Cardiac muscle.
• Eye muscles.

Voluntary muscles
They are muscles that you can control their movement.
Examples:
• Skeletal muscles such as:
1. Upper arm muscles.
2. Neck muscles.
3. Forearm muscles.
4. Abdomen muscles.
Some examples of involuntary:
1. Cardiac muscle
- The heart is made of a type of involuntary muscles known as cardiac muscle.
- Cardiac muscle contracts and relaxes without stopping to allow the heart to pump the blood carrying oxygen to all the body cells.

2. Eye muscles
- Your eyes contain a type of involuntary muscles that contract when you close your eyelid to allow you blink many times in one minute without thinking.

 
Some examples of voluntary muscles:
▌Skeletal muscles
1. Upper arm muscles:
- Bending your elbow depends on two different voluntary muscles, where:
▌When you bend your elbow, the muscle in front of your upper arm contracts and the muscle in the back of your upper arm relaxes.

2. Neck muscles
- Moving your head up and down depends on two important neck voluntary muscles, where:
• When you move your head up, one of these muscle contracts.
• When you move your head down, the other muscle contracts.

3. Forearm muscles:
- Turning your hand depends on two important forearm voluntary muscles, where:
▌When you turn your hand over (your palm up), one of these muscle contracts.
▌When you turn your hand down (your palm down), the other muscle contracts.

4. Abdomen muscles
- You have two important abdomen voluntary muscles on each side of your body known as waist muscles.
- When you twist your waist to one side, the two muscles on that side contract together, while the two muscles on the other side relax.
Systems Work Together
Let’s study how the structures and functions of some body systems such as endocrine system, circulatory system and respiratory system work together .

1. Endocrine system
• Its structure:
It consists of glands that secrete hormones that help the body gets ready to respond in different situations.

• Its function:
It controls the body temperature and blood pressure.

• Its role during danger:
► When the body faces a danger, it gets ready to fight this danger or to run away from it, where:
- The endocrine system secretes hormones that control this respond and affects other body systems to face that danger or to run away from it, such as:
▌Contraction of muscles.
▌Increasing of heartbeats.
▌Increasing of breathing rate.

 
2. Circulatory system
• Its structure:
- It consists of heart muscle and blood vessels that allow blood to flow through the body.
- The human circulatory system has three different types of blood vessels which are
• Arteries. • Veins. • Blood capillaries.

• Its function:
It transports blood, gases, nutrients and hormones (secreted by the endocrine system) throughout the body.

• Its role during danger:
► When the body faces a danger, the heart begins to beat quickly, so the heartbeats increase causing:
- The heart pumps more blood to the muscles, the heart and the other organs.
- The blood pressure increases.


3. Respiratory system
• Its structure:
It consists of lungs, diaphragm and airways (such as trachea and bronchi).
• Its function: It provides the body with oxygen gas and gets rid of carbon dioxide gas.

• Its role during danger:
The circulatory system depends on the lungs to do its function, where:
• When the diaphragm muscle contracts, the lungs take in the air rich in oxygen gas.
• When the diaphragm muscle relaxes, the lungs release air rich in carbon dioxide gas.


بالتوفيق
مستر احمد الباشا