الفصل الثاني: مبادئ وأساسيات التعامل مع العينات ومناولتها من صفحة 17
Chapter 2: Specimen Handling and Processing
Objectives
• This chapter provides a review of the most common specimen types and discuss how they are collected, identified, processed, stored and transported. Also, preanalytical factors are discussed.
Patient Identification
Before any specimen is collected, the phlebotomist must confirm the identity of the patient.
Two or three items of identification should be used including:
-name
-medical record
-date of birth
-social security number
-address if the patient is an outpatient.
Types of Specimens
Types of biological specimen that are analyzed in clinical laboratories include :
1-Whole blood
2-Serum
3-Plasma
4-Urine
5-Stool
6-Saliva
7-Other body fluids such as spinal, synovial, amniotic, pleural, pericardial and ascitic fluids
8-Cells and various types of solid tissue.
The World Health Organization and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) have published several guidelines for collecting many of these specimens under standardized conditions.

Course Description
This course will focus on the principles and procedures of various tests performed on Clinical Chemistry. It will present the physiological basis, the principle and procedures for the tests, and the clinical significance of the test results, including quality control and normal values. Also includes basic chemical laboratory technique, chemical laboratory safety, electrolytes and acid-base balance, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and enzymes.
Core Knowledge
By the end of this course, students should be able to:
• Identify the principles of quality control and laboratory safety in clinical chemistry.
• Identify specimen collection and preparation.
• Evaluate specimen acceptability for chemical analysis.
Explain, perform and evaluate different clinical chemistry procedures.
• Correlate test results with the patient conditions.
• Explain how to perform urine analysis.
Core Skills
By the end of this course, students should be able to:
-Compare and contrast human body chemistry levels under normal and abnormal conditions.
- Perform procedures routinely found in a clinical chemistry laboratory, including electrolytes, acid-base balance, proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates, lipids, liver and kidney functions.
مقرر الكيمياء الإكلينيكية
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1w8YZddnNBsFUqpq83XtQ_J4_6LvKiq9t/view?usp=sharing
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