Behavioral observation (BO) training is another type of program implemented to minimize unintentional rating errors. BO training focuses on how raters observe, store, recall, and use information about performance. Fundamentally, this type of training improves raters’ skills at observing performance.

For example, one type of BO training involves showing raters how to use observational aids such as notes or diaries. These observational aids help raters record a preestablished number of behaviors on each performance dimension. Using these aids helps raters increase the sample of incidents observed and recorded during a specific time period. In addition, an aid such as a diary is an effective way to standardize the observation of behavior and record of critical incidents throughout the review period.

In addition, it serves as a memory aid when filling out evaluation forms.
Memory aids are beneficial because ratings based on memory alone, without notes or diaries, are likely to be distorted due to factors of friendship bias and time. Raters are likely to make several types of unintentional errors when providing performance information. Unintentional errors are the product of the complex tasks of observing, storing, and retrieving performance information—and resistance to change exacerbates these errors.

BO training is particularly beneficial when performance measurement emphasizes results because raters learn how these behaviors are linked to results.